now makes or licenses 90% of all batteries for pacemakers and implantable defibrillators. In 1970, when Greatbatch’s exclusive contract with Bakken and Medtronics ran out, he went into the business of making batteries himself, since Medtronics would not make what he considered to be necessary improvements. Pacemakers were universally accepted by 1965.

William Chardack, improving the batteries, their first implantation was in 1960. Working closely with Earl Bakken and Medtronic Company, and Dr. Details of his research and studies follow, which got him to the point where in 1958 he implanted a pacemaker in an animal. Gets him interested in medical electronics. He began building/selling radio telescope equipment and building amplifiers to measure heart rate and blood pressure of sheep and goats for the Psychology Department, and for a monkey sent up into space. After the war he went to Cornell for a BS in Electrical engineering on the GI Bill. In service, he also studied radar and set up a radio school, instructing in aviation radio, and flew on first radar patrols along Texas coastline against German subs. Greatbatch worked as a radioman for the Navy, reserves and active duty, from 1938 to the end of World War II. Wilson Greatbatch (right) and Rik Nebeker (left) at Princeton Forrestal Village, April 2000 4.16 Other affiliations and interests AIDS research, biomass.4.14 Professional associations in medical electronics.4.13 Collaborations with medical doctors and corporate engineers.4.11.6 Research and business challenges.4.11.4 Market for pacemaker batteries, artificial hearts.4.11.3 Research and development management.4.10 Technological improvements and the pacemaker.4.9 Research shift from electronics circuit design to battery design.4.8 Wilson Greatbatch Ltd., established 1970 products and markets.4.7.7 Developing and producing better batteries, 1970.4.7.4 Engineering and production split with Medtronic over battery design.4.6 Medical electronics research at Cornell.4.5 Professional Group of Medical Electronics, IRE.4.4 Employment electrical engineering studies under GI Bill.

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